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[Emerging and reemerging viral diseases]
1Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brasil. hermann@ioc.fiocruz.br
Cadernos De Saude Publica
|June 27, 2001
Summary
New and re-emerging viral diseases are increasing due to genetic changes, species barrier breaches, and ecological shifts. Enhanced surveillance, research, prevention, and health infrastructure are crucial for control.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Context:
- Emergence of novel viruses (e.g., HIV) and re-emergence of controlled viruses (e.g., dengue) in recent decades.
- Viral spread driven by genetic alterations, cross-species transmission, and ecological niche expansion.
- Facilitating factors include demographic shifts, agricultural expansion, altered social behaviors, and global travel.
Purpose:
- To analyze the mechanisms and factors contributing to the emergence and spread of viral diseases.
- To highlight the role of human activities and environmental changes in viral disease outbreaks.
- To inform international recommendations for combating viral threats.
Summary:
- Viral emergence is linked to genetic mutations, breakdown of species barriers, and spread from ecological niches.
- Key drivers include demographic pressure, agricultural expansion, intensive air travel, animal importation, ecological alterations (dams, roads), and weakened health systems.
- International discussions emphasize investment in Epidemiological Surveillance, Public Health Research, disease prevention, vector control, and health infrastructure.
Impact:
- Increased risk of pandemics and public health crises globally.
- Underscores the need for robust, internationally coordinated disease surveillance and response systems.
- Highlights the importance of One Health approaches, integrating human, animal, and environmental health strategies.