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Related Experiment Videos

Physical workload on upper extremities in various operations during machine milking.

S Pinzke1, M Stal, G A Hansson

  • 1Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Biosystems and Technology, Division of Work Science, PO Box 88, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden. stefan.pinzke@jbt.slu.se

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM
|June 28, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Machine milking tasks place high physical demands on the upper extremities, particularly the biceps and forearm flexors. These high muscle loads and extreme wrist positions may increase injury risk for milkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Ergonomics
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Machine milking involves repetitive tasks that can lead to musculoskeletal disorders.
  • Understanding the physical demands of milking is crucial for injury prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the upper extremity workload during fundamental machine milking tasks.
  • To identify specific milking activities contributing to high physical strain.

Main Methods:

  • Electromyography (EMG) and electrogoniometry were used to measure muscle activity and wrist joint kinematics.
  • Eleven milkers in a loose-housing system were studied during various milking tasks.
  • Video recording supplemented biomechanical data collection.

Main Results:

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  • High muscle load values were observed in the biceps and forearm flexors during key tasks like "Attaching" and "Drying."
  • Milkers experienced prolonged periods of high muscle activity with minimal rest.
  • Extreme wrist positions, including significant dorsal flexion and deviation, were recorded during "Pre-milking" and "Attaching."

Conclusions:

  • The combination of high muscle loads and extreme joint positions poses a significant risk for arm, wrist, and hand disorders among milkers.
  • Findings provide a basis for improving milking equipment design to mitigate occupational risks.