Analysis of integrin expression in U2OS cells cultured on various calcium phosphate ceramic substrates

Earlier we observed that calcium phosphate (Ca-P)-coated implant substrates stimulated the differentiation of osteoblast-like cells compared to uncoated substrates. This suggests that this difference in osteogenic induction is due to the chemical composition of the substratum. We hypothesized that Ca-P coatings modulate integrin expression patterns, because those receptors are the sensors of the cell. Therefore, in the present study we quantitatively analyzed integrin expression of osteosarcoma cells and their proliferation behavior on various well-defined Ca-P substrates. For this study we used the osteosarcoma cell line U2OS. Five groups of substrates were used: thermanox (Th), uncoated titanium (Ti), dense sintered hydroxyapatite (HA), and two Ca-P-coated titanium discs (TiHA-O% and TiHA-5%). At day 5, cell numbers were significantly lower (p < 0.05) for both types of Ca-P-coated titanium substrates compared to the other substrates. There were no significant differences between HA and uncoated titanium. From day 5 to 8, accumulated cell number was ranking highest to lowest HA > Th = Ti > TiHA-0% > TiHA-5%. Integrin expression at day 5 and day 8 of incubation was analyzed by flow cytometry for integrin subunits beta 1, alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 5, alpha 6, and alpha v. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that the cells express high levels of beta 1, low levels of alpha 4, alpha 5, and alpha 6, and moderate levels of alpha 3 and alpha v integrin subunits on the various biomaterial substrates. Minor differences in integrin expression between the various substrates were seen. Therefore, the observed differences in proliferation between the coatings may reside in modulating the functional properties of integrins.