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Developing critical reflection for professional practice through problem-based learning.

B Williams1

  • 1Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. beverly.williams@ualberta.ca

Journal of Advanced Nursing
|June 30, 2001
PubMed
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Problem-based learning (PBL) in nursing education enhances critical reflection skills. This approach uses real-world scenarios and guided questioning to foster reflective and critically reflective practice, crucial for professional competence.

Area of Science:

  • Nursing Education
  • Professional Practice Skills
  • Health Science Education

Background:

  • Current nursing learning traditions' impact on reflection and critical reflection is explored.
  • Self-consciousness (reflection) and self-critique (critical reflection) are vital for professional competence.
  • Existing literature offers limited specific strategies for developing critical reflection in nursing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how nursing learning traditions influence reflection and critical reflection.
  • To suggest educational strategies for enhancing critical reflection in nursing.
  • To apply Mezirow's transformative learning theory and Barrows' problem-based learning (PBL) framework.

Main Methods:

  • An integrative literature review was conducted.

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  • The review encompassed published literature from 1983-2000.
  • Included studies from nursing, health science education, and professional education.

    • Main Results:

    • Scholars agree specialized knowledge and critical reflection are essential for professional practice.
    • Problem-based learning (PBL) is identified as a method to foster reflective and critically reflective skills in healthcare.
    • Active, repeated guided practice is suggested for developing these abilities.

    Conclusions:

    • Nursing learners in PBL settings develop reflective and critically reflective abilities.
    • PBL utilizes professional practice situations to stimulate learning and skill acquisition.
    • Critical questioning during PBL processes, including situational analysis and problem-solving, enhances learner reflection.