[New non-lipidic biological markers of atherosclerosis]

Recent research indicates that both inflammation and infection of coronary arteries are intimately involved in the development and the progression of atherosclerosis. Pathophysiological mechanisms of formation of the atheromatous plaque are complex, resulting from the activation of endothelial cells, monocytes and foam cells, and smooth muscle cells. Numerous molecules are involved in these mechanisms, including adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes, coagulation and fibrinolysis factors and infectious agents. Studies have suggested a potential role for these molecules as markers of the development of coronary artery disease and of adverse cardiac-related outcomes in patients with known coronary artery syndromes, in combination with independent risk factors such as homocysteine. This review presents recent data that could contribute to use of these markers for the diagnosis and the evolution of atherosclerosis. in clinical practice.