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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
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Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
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Diarrhea and malabsorption in the elderly.

P R Holt1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, USA. pholt@slrhc.org

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|July 4, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physicians should suspect diarrhea and malabsorption in older adults, as symptoms can be subtle. Early diagnosis of these gastrointestinal issues is crucial due to diminished nutritional reserves in the elderly.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Older patients may not report chronic diarrhea, especially if incontinent.
  • Gastrointestinal infections can present atypically in the elderly, including institutionalized individuals.
  • Malabsorption symptoms are often covert in the elderly, leading to delayed diagnosis and severe nutritional deficiencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing diarrhea and malabsorption in the elderly.
  • To discuss the differential diagnosis of diarrhea in older adults.
  • To emphasize the unique challenges and specific conditions related to malabsorption in geriatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and diagnostic considerations for diarrhea and malabsorption in the elderly.
  • Comparison of causes and manifestations in older versus younger patients.
  • Identification of elderly-specific malabsorption syndromes like chronic pancreatic insufficiency and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

Main Results:

  • Diarrhea in the elderly can stem from infections, medication side effects, or malabsorption.
  • Malabsorption in older adults frequently presents as micronutrient deficiency due to delayed diagnosis.
  • Chronic pancreatic insufficiency and bacterial overgrowth are key considerations in elderly malabsorption.

Conclusions:

  • Physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for diarrhea and malabsorption in the elderly.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management are essential to prevent severe, life-threatening nutritional deficits.
  • Therapeutic trials are often necessary to diagnose malabsorption syndromes in older patients.