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Related Concept Videos

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
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The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Gauss's Law in Dielectrics01:17

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Consider a polar dielectric placed in an external field. In such a dielectric, opposite charges on adjacent dipoles neutralize each other, such that the net charge within the dielectric is zero. When a polar dielectric is inserted in between the capacitor plates, an electric field is generated due to the presence of net charges near the edge of the dielectric and the metal plates interface. Since the external electrical field merely aligns the dipoles, the dielectric as a whole is neutral. An...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
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Shigekazu Nagata.

S Nagata

    Nature Medicine
    |July 4, 2001
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Shigekazu Nagata

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Science
    • Cell Biology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Early research focused on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a potent stimulator of bone-marrow cells.
    • Shigekazu Nagata gained renown for subsequent work investigating apoptosis, the process of programmed cell death.

    Discussion:

    • The scientist's career trajectory illustrates a full circle, moving from cell growth stimulation to cell death mechanisms.
    • This journey highlights the interconnectedness of cellular proliferation and programmed cell death in biological systems.

    Key Insights:

    • Understanding cell death pathways is crucial for comprehending overall cellular regulation.
    • The interplay between cell growth and apoptosis is fundamental to maintaining tissue homeostasis and organismal health.

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    Outlook:

    • Further research aims to integrate the understanding of cell growth and death.
    • Exploring the links between these processes may reveal new therapeutic targets for diseases involving abnormal cell proliferation or death.