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Related Experiment Videos

Information processing in social phobia: a critical review.

N Heinrichs1, S G Hofmann

  • 1Boston University, USA.

Clinical Psychology Review
|July 4, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with social phobia exhibit attentional and interpretation biases toward social threats but not memory biases. This review examines information-processing distortions in social phobia.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Psychopathology

Background:

  • Social phobia is characterized by intense fear and avoidance of social situations.
  • Information-processing biases are proposed to maintain social phobia.
  • Key processes include attention, interpretation, and memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review empirical evidence for information-processing biases in social phobia.
  • To analyze biases in attention, interpretation, and memory.
  • To discuss the findings in relation to the Clark and Wells (1995) cognitive model.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of empirical studies on information processing in social phobia.
  • Analysis of evidence for attentional, interpretational, and memory biases.
  • Integration of findings with existing cognitive models.

Main Results:

  • Strong evidence supports an attentional bias towards socially threatening stimuli.
  • Significant evidence indicates an interpretational/judgment bias towards self-relevant social information.
  • Limited evidence suggests a memory bias for socially threatening stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Attentional and interpretational biases are key features of social phobia.
  • Memory biases are less consistently demonstrated.
  • Findings support and refine the cognitive model of social phobia.

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