Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 18, 2026
Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
Published on: October 17, 2018
Identification of risk factors for exertional heat-related illnesses in long-distance cyclists: experience from the
M A Krueger-Kalinski1, D L Schriger, L Friedman
1University of California, UCLA School of Medicine, USA. michkruege@aol.com
Objectives:
To identify risk factors for exertional heat-related illnesses and to determine if patients who are afflicted with the human immunodeficiency virus or have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have an increased risk of exertional heat-related illness.
Design:
Descriptive, retrospective, matched case-control study.
Setting:
Mobile community of 2,650 participants in the California AIDS Ride 3.
Participants:
Participants included 117 patients presenting for medical care with heat-related illnesses and 234 age-, gender-, and registration site-matched control subjects who did not develop a heat-related illness.
Methods:
Retrospective, matched case-control study utilizing univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression to determine if human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity, the number of chronic medical illnesses, or the number of current medications known to affect heat dissipation increased the risk of exertional heat-related illnesses.
Results:
The multivariate model revealed that patients with a greater number of chronic medical illnesses were at a significantly increased risk of a heat-related illness (odds ratio = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2-2.1). The number of current medications (odds ratio = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.8-1.5) and human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity (odds ratio = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.2-3.1) were not significant predictors of risk for exertional heat-related illness.
Conclusions:
Those riders suffering from a greater number of chronic medical illnesses were at a greater risk for developing an exertional heat-related illness. Human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity alone was not associated with increased risk of exertional heat-related illness.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Factors Affecting Illness
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
01:28Factors Affecting Body Temperature
Factors may include:
01:20Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
01:19Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
01:26Exercise Stress Test
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes