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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD,...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical to patient care. It allows healthcare professionals to identify and manage various respiratory conditions. The process involves a combination of subjective and objective data collection.
Subjective Data
Subjective data provides vital information about the patient's health history and symptoms. This data is typically collected through interviews in which patients describe their experiences, symptoms, and concerns.
Health history and key...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Palpation01:24

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Palpation

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical in identifying potential health issues. One key component of this assessment is palpation, a technique healthcare providers use to assess the body for abnormalities. This content explores the method of palpation in evaluating the respiratory tract, focusing on thoracic palpation and tactile fremitus.
Thoracic Palpation
Thoracic palpation detects tenderness, masses, lesions, respiratory excursions, and vocal fremitus. The nurse assesses...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation

Auscultation is a crucial component of the physical assessment of the respiratory tract. It offers valuable insights into airflow through the bronchial tree and potential lung obstructions. This process involves careful listening to breath, voice, and adventitious sounds, which can reveal a wealth of information about a patient's respiratory health.
Breath Sounds
Breath sounds are categorized into vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial.
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Sampling local respiratory tract sites for inflammation.

H Y Reynolds1

  • 1Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. hreynolds@psu.edu

Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse Lung Diseases : Official Journal of WASOG
|July 5, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Analyzing respiratory tract samples, like sputum and lavage fluids, helps understand sino-nasal and pulmonary illnesses. Site-specific samples and flexible clinical strategies are key for accurate diagnosis and monitoring of inflammation.

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Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Host defense mechanisms protect the respiratory tract, but imbalances like inflammation cause sino-nasal and pulmonary diseases.
  • Traditional sputum analysis is limited; site-specific samples (e.g., surface washing) offer better insights into conditions like rhinitis, bronchitis, and alveolitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of various respiratory sampling methods for studying host responses and inflammation.
  • To emphasize the need for comprehensive analysis linking surface samples with tissue pathology for accurate diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of expectorated sputum and selective site-specific samples (surface washing).
  • Biopsy of contiguous mucosa and lung parenchyma for comprehensive analysis.
  • Adaptation of new analytic methods for surface or topical samples, including nasal, bronchial, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF).

Main Results:

  • Regional samples should contain representative cells and proteins reflecting adjacent tissue changes.
  • Flexible clinical strategies are essential for studying healthy individuals, those with latent illness, and those with active disease.
  • Further correlations between components in different respiratory specimens (nasal, bronchial, BALF) and tissue analysis are indicated.

Conclusions:

  • Site-specific respiratory samples, when correlated with tissue pathology, provide valuable information for understanding sino-nasal and pulmonary illnesses.
  • Developing correlations between readily available samples and tissue analysis can improve clinical monitoring of respiratory inflammation.