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Sleep disorders: a risk factor for normal-tension glaucoma?

D M Marcus1, A P Costarides, P Gokhale

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912, USA. dmarcus@mail.mcg.edu

Journal of Glaucoma
|July 10, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Sleep-disturbed breathing is common in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients. This suggests sleep-disordered breathing may be a risk factor for NTG, warranting sleep history assessment and polysomnography for affected individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is an optic neuropathy with unclear pathogenesis.
  • Sleep-related breathing disorders are increasingly recognized as systemic health issues.
  • Investigating potential links between sleep disturbances and ocular diseases like NTG is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of sleep-related symptoms and sleep-related breathing disorders via polysomnography in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).

Main Methods:

  • A comparative case series included 23 NTG patients, 14 NTG suspects, and 30 controls.
  • Sleep history was obtained; polysomnography was offered for positive sleep histories.
  • Prevalence of positive sleep history and diagnosed sleep disorders were the primary outcome measures.

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Main Results:

  • A positive sleep history was significantly more common in NTG patients (57%) and suspects (43%) than controls (3%).
  • Among those with positive sleep histories who underwent polysomnography, 78% of NTG patients and 100% of NTG suspects were diagnosed with a sleep disorder.
  • Diagnosed sleep disorders included sleep apnea, sleep hypopnea, and upper airway resistance syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep-disturbed breathing may be a significant risk factor in the pathogenesis of normal-tension glaucoma.
  • Physiological factors associated with sleep-disturbed breathing could play a role in NTG development.
  • Recommendations include obtaining sleep histories from NTG patients and considering polysomnography for those with symptoms.