Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, a complication of the testicular cancer

We report a case of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis related to a testicular neoplasm. The syndrome is characterized by progressive amnesia and psychiatric disturbances resulting from an inflammatory reaction probably related to an immune response to the neuronal proteins expressed by tumors. It is usually associated with small cell lung cancer. In other cases, testicular cancer occurs more frequently than expected. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging may show increased signal intensity in the limbic cortex. Genitourinary examinations are sometimes inadequate. Testicular ultrasonography is recommended if no tumor is detected on the chest and abdominal computed tomography scan. The outcome of the treatment of the testicular cancer on the paraneoplastic syndrome is variable.