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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
Published on: September 11, 2011
Exposure of the radiologist to scattered radiation during angiography
Abstract:
At least 90% of the exposure of a radiologist's crystalline lens and right hand to scattered radiation during angiography, investigated by thermoluminescent dosimetry, proves to be due to radiography during and immediately after manual injection of the contrast medium. Therefore, manual injection should be replaced by remotely controled injection by means of an injector. The exposure of a radiologist's gonads (measured behind a lead apron) proves negligible. At the low exposure rates to be expected, integrating measurements should be made.
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