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Antenatal care in developing countries. What should be done?

A Drazancić1

  • 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical School of Zagreb, Division of Perinatal Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.

Journal of Perinatal Medicine
|July 13, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Antenatal care significantly reduced perinatal mortality (PNM) in developed nations throughout the 20th century. Improvements in healthcare access, technology, and neonatal intensive care were key factors in this decline.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Public Health
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Perinatal mortality (PNM) rates have historically been high, particularly in developing countries.
  • Socioeconomic factors and access to healthcare significantly influence maternal and infant outcomes.
  • The evolution of antenatal care practices has been a critical factor in reducing perinatal mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the historical development of antenatal care.
  • To analyze the relationship between antenatal care and perinatal mortality in developed countries.
  • To outline strategies for reducing maternal and perinatal mortality in developing countries.

Main Methods:

  • Historical data analysis of perinatal mortality rates in relation to antenatal care advancements.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of socioeconomic factors, diagnostic/therapeutic procedures, cesarean section indications, and neonatal intensive care.
  • Case illustration using data from 36,855 deliveries at the University Clinic in Zagreb.

    • Main Results:

    • Perinatal mortality (PNM) in West- and Middle-European countries decreased from ~60.0/1000 (1920s-1930s) to ~40.0/1000 (1950s) with the introduction of antenatal care.
    • Further reductions to ~25.0/1000 (1970s) and ~13.0/1000 (1980s) were linked to increased antenatal visits and technological advancements (e.g., ultrasound).
    • Regional organization and neonatal intensive care units lowered PNM to 5.0-9.0/1000; developing countries face high rates due to poor socioeconomic conditions and lack of organized care.

    Conclusions:

    • Organized antenatal and perinatal healthcare systems are crucial for reducing maternal and perinatal mortality.
    • Improving antenatal booking, increasing prenatal visits, and ensuring professional assistance during childbirth are vital policies.
    • Maternity health care organization must be tailored to country-specific and region-specific needs.