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Related Concept Videos

Skeletal Muscle Anatomy00:55

Skeletal Muscle Anatomy

Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.
Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription factors...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Adult and Embryonic Skeletal Muscle Microexplant Culture and Isolation of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells
14:36

Adult and Embryonic Skeletal Muscle Microexplant Culture and Isolation of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells

Published on: September 21, 2010

Skeletal muscle formation in vertebrates.

M Buckingham1

  • 1Unité de Génétique Moléculaire du Développement, CNRS URA1947, Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr.Roux, 75724 Cedex 15, Paris, France. margab@pasteur.fr

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|July 13, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Recent research clarifies how embryonic muscle cells acquire identity and how MyoD family members are regulated. Key findings include the role of Lbx1 in precursor cell migration and Pax7

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Published on: February 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Muscle Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing muscle development is crucial for regenerative medicine.
  • The MyoD family of transcription factors plays a pivotal role in myogenesis.
  • Previous research has identified key regulators of muscle precursor cell specification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the signalling pathways that define myogenic identity during embryonic development.
  • To investigate the regulation and functions of MyoD family members.
  • To gain new insights into muscle precursor cell migration and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of signalling pathways including ras and calcineurin.
  • Investigating the role of transcription factors such as Lbx1, Pax3, and Pax7.
  • Studying muscle precursor cell migration and differentiation in embryonic and adult models.

Main Results:

  • Lbx1 is essential for the migration of muscle precursor cells to specific developmental sites.
  • Ras and calcineurin signalling pathways are involved in determining slow-versus-fast muscle fiber types.
  • Pax7 is critical for maintaining the myogenic identity of adult muscle precursor cells, impacting regeneration and stem cell research.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advancements have significantly enhanced our understanding of muscle development and regeneration.
  • The identification of key regulatory factors like Lbx1 and Pax7 opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
  • This research underscores the importance of studying developmental pathways for adult stem cell applications.