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Updated: Oct 5, 2026
Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access
Published on: June 16, 2022
Management of far advanced otosclerosis in the era of cochlear implantation
M J Ruckenstein1, K O Rafter, M Montes
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Objective:
To evaluate issues pertaining to cochlear implantation in patients with far advanced cochlear otosclerosis.
Study Design:
Prospective cohort.
Setting:
Tertiary care referral center.
Patients:
Eight adult patients (18 years of age or older) referred for management of profound hearing loss, the cause of which was determined to be otosclerosis.
Intervention:
Cochlear implantation with multichannel cochlear implant device.
Main Outcome Measures:
Benefit from cochlear implant as measured by CID sentence scores, incidence and management of facial nerve stimulation, and technical issues pertaining to cochlear implantation in this patient population.
Results:
All patients demonstrated significant improvement in auditory function as measured by performance on CID sentence scores and ability to engage in telephone conversation. Facial nerve stimulation was present in two of eight patients and was managed with deactivation of the stimulating electrodes. Ossification in the basal turn of the cochlea, detected on preoperative computed tomography, necessitated placement of the electrode into the scala vestibuli in two patients and use of a thinner electrode (Nucleus 24) in a third patient.
Conclusion:
Patients with profound hearing loss secondary to otosclerosis derive excellent benefits from cochlear implantation. Surgical implantation may be complicated by ossification of the cochlea, which can be detected on preoperative computed tomography. Electrode activation may be complicated by facial nerve stimulation, which can be addressed with programming strategies.
