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Related Concept Videos

Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
08:47

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

Pediatric allergic rhinitis and comorbid disorders.

G Lack1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|July 13, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Allergic rhinitis (AR) often co-occurs with other conditions like asthma and sinusitis. Recognizing AR as a systemic issue is crucial for effective diagnosis and management in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis (AR) is frequently associated with other systemic allergic diseases and comorbidities.
  • These include asthma, sinusitis, middle ear effusions, and obstructive sleep apnea, impacting children's quality of life.
  • The interplay between AR and asthma is complex, potentially leading to misdiagnosis or inaccurate severity assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the systemic nature of allergic rhinitis (AR).
  • To emphasize the numerous comorbid conditions associated with AR in children.
  • To propose a coordinated management approach for AR and its related disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on allergic rhinitis and its comorbidities.

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  • Analysis of the relationship between AR, asthma, and other upper airway inflammatory conditions.
  • Discussion of the diagnostic challenges and management implications.

    • Main Results:

    • Allergic rhinitis is rarely isolated and is linked to asthma, sinusitis, and Eustachian tube dysfunction.
    • Postnasal drip from AR can cause cough, mimicking asthma symptoms, and contribute to sinusitis and middle ear effusions.
    • Upper airway inflammation in AR can lead to lymphoid hypertrophy, obstructive sleep apnea, and affect child development.

    Conclusions:

    • Allergic rhinitis is part of a spectrum of allergic diseases impacting children's well-being and educational outcomes.
    • A coordinated, systemic approach to managing AR is necessary, rather than fragmented, organ-specific treatments.
    • Further prospective studies are needed to quantify the disease burden and educational impact of childhood AR.