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Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
Published on: September 21, 2018
[Primary study on heart rate variability of non-linear dynamics in patients with coronary artery disease and
1Department of Biological Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027.
Insights
Non-linear heart dynamics change with disease. Healthy individuals show daily variations, while coronary artery disease and diabetic patients exhibit reduced or absent changes, indicating vegetal nerve system turbulence. These findings may aid clinical diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Non-linear Dynamics
- Autonomic Neuropathy
Context:
- Investigating heart non-linear dynamics in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
- Assessing autonomic nervous system function through quantitative indices.
- Comparing healthy controls with patients having single, multi-vessel coronary artery disease, and diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN).
Purpose:
- To analyze and compare non-linear dynamics in healthy individuals and patient groups.
- To identify changes in heart non-linear dynamics associated with coronary artery disease and diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
- To explore the role of vegetal nerve activity in heart non-linear dynamics.
Summary:
- Six non-linear indices from dispersed-dot plots (SQ, LA, SA, ALS, VLI, VAI), Kolmogorov entropy, and fractal dimension were analyzed.
- Healthy controls displayed significant day-to-night variations in non-linear indices, which diminished in coronary artery disease patients and disappeared in diabetics.
- Turbulence in the vegetal nerve system was observed in both coronary artery disease and diabetic patients, suggesting its importance in heart non-linear dynamics.
Impact:
- Demonstrated marked differences in non-linear indices across healthy controls, single-vessel CAD, multi-vessel CAD, and diabetic patients.
- Suggests that non-linear indices derived from heart dynamics could serve as valuable tools in clinical practice.
- Highlights the potential of non-linear analysis for understanding cardiovascular and metabolic disease pathophysiology.
Abstract:
This is a comparative study on the non-linear dynamics between 30 healthy controls and three groups of patients with single coronary artery disease(n = 20), multi-coronary disease(n = 8), and diabetic patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN)(n = 18), respectively. We selected and adopted six quantity indices of dispersed-dot plot, including the area of plot (SQ), long-axis (LA), short-axis (SA), the angle of long-axis and short-axis (ALS), vector length index (VLI) and vector angle index (VAI), and Kolmogorov entropy and fractal dimension. We found that the non-linear indices in healthy control had obvious day-to-night change, while the change in coronary artery disease patients decreased and disappeared in diabetics. By the findings that both coronary artery disease patients and diabetic patients had the turbulence of vegetal nerve system, we concluded that the vegetal nerve activity might be an important factor in heart non-linear dynamics. And marked differences in the non-linear indices were seen between the normal control, the single-vessel, multi-vessel coronary artery disease patients, and the diabetic patients, thus suggesting that these indices may be used in clinical practice.
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