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Protein Organization01:13

Protein Organization

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Protein Folding01:22

Protein Folding

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Protein and Protein Structure02:15

Protein and Protein Structure

Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
A protein's shape is critical to its function. For example, an enzyme can...
Protein Organization01:13

Protein Organization

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Protein Organization01:24

Protein Organization

Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.
Protein Organization01:24

Protein Organization

Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.

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Interview: Protein Folding and Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Published on: July 16, 2008

Molecular evolution of protein atomic composition.

P Baudouin-Cornu1, Y Surdin-Kerjan, P Marlière

  • 1Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91 198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France., Evologic SA, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 14, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Ecological conditions can leave lasting imprints on biological macromolecules. Analyzing genomic data revealed that enzymes in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae show atomic depletions reflecting past nutrient availability and metabolic costs.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Organisms adapt to diverse environmental conditions.
  • Ecological factors may influence the composition of biological macromolecules.
  • Complete genome sequences and metabolic pathway data offer new analytical tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if ecological fluctuations leave detectable imprints on the atomic composition of enzymes.
  • To explore the relationship between atomic composition, metabolic function, and environmental nutrient availability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of complete genome sequences.
  • Characterization of whole metabolic pathways.
  • Correlation analysis between atomic composition and metabolic function of enzymes.

Main Results:

  • Significant correlations found between atomic composition and metabolic function in enzymes.
  • Sulfur- and carbon-assimilatory enzymes in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are depleted in sulfur and carbon, respectively.
  • Genomic data reflect historical environmental nutrient levels and metabolic costs.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic data serve as a paleontological record of past environmental conditions.
  • The atomic composition of enzymes provides insights into an organism's evolutionary history and metabolic adaptations.
  • Ecological imprints are detectable in the molecular makeup of organisms.