Three new applications of stent technology in a single patient

The use of endovascular stents has become widely established in maintaining both arterial and venous patency in congenital heart disease. Stent implantation is now applied to pulmonary arterial stenoses, coarctation, pulmonary and systemic venous obstruction, and obstructed homografts and conduits, in both the pediatric and adult populations. The purpose of this report is to describe 3 new applications of stent technology: 1) double pulmonary artery stent implantation with simultaneous balloon dilation of a previously placed stent; 2) a new technique for traversing tight pulmonary arterial corners for stent delivery using the "sheath-within-sheath" method; and 3) a new technique for recannulation and stent implantation in unilateral femoral venous occlusion.