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ER export: public transportation by the COPII coach.

B Antonny¹, R Schekman

¹Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France. antonny@ipmc.cnrs.fr

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

|July 17, 2001

Summary

The COPII coat forms transport vesicles from the ER. Its dynamic nature and cargo capture depend on export signals, membrane conditions, metabolism, and COPII subunit variations.

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Area of Science:

Cell biology
Molecular biology
Biochemistry

Background:

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle for protein synthesis and modification.
ER-derived transport vesicles mediate the trafficking of proteins and lipids within the cell.
The COPII (coat protein complex II) coat is essential for forming these transport vesicles at ER exit sites.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the dynamic nature of the COPII coat.
To identify the key parameters governing efficient cargo capture into COPII vesicles.
To understand the role of COPII subunit homologues in vesicle formation.

Main Methods:

Biochemical assays to study COPII coat polymerization.
In vitro reconstitution of vesicle budding.
Analysis of cargo-receptor interactions.
Genetic manipulation to study COPII subunit function.

Main Results:

The COPII coat functions as a dynamic polymer.
Cargo capture is influenced by specific export signals on cargo molecules.
Membrane lipid composition and metabolic state significantly impact vesicle formation.
A diverse set of COPII subunit homologues contributes to cargo specificity and vesicle biogenesis.

Conclusions:

The COPII coat is a sophisticated molecular machine whose assembly and function are tightly regulated.
Efficient ER-to-Golgi transport relies on a complex interplay of cargo signals, membrane properties, cellular metabolism, and COPII component diversity.
Understanding these parameters is crucial for deciphering cellular trafficking pathways and associated diseases.