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Related Experiment Videos

Variations in acid-etch patterns with different acids and etch times.

A Gardner1, R Hobson

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Liverpool University Dental School and Warrington Hospital, United Kingdom. alastair_gardner@hotmail.com

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
|July 17, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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This study found that 37% phosphoric acid provides superior enamel etching for orthodontic bonding compared to nitric acid. An optimal application time of 30 seconds is recommended for effective bracket adhesion.

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Mandibular premolars exhibit the highest orthodontic bracket bond failure rates.
  • Enamel etch quality and quantity are critical for successful bracket bonding.
  • Phosphoric acid is the standard etchant, but nitric acid's efficacy is unstudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the enamel etch patterns produced by 37% phosphoric acid and 2.5% nitric acid.
  • To evaluate the effect of application time (15, 30, 60 seconds) on etch quality.
  • To determine the optimal acid-etching protocol for mandibular premolars in orthodontics.

Main Methods:

  • Ex vivo study using extracted mandibular premolars.
  • Treatment with 37% phosphoric acid or 2.5% nitric acid for 15, 30, or 60 seconds.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Scanning electron microscopy and a 5-point etch scale assessment of enamel surface.

    • Main Results:

    • Increased acid application duration significantly improved etch quality and quantity.
    • 37% phosphoric acid produced significantly better etches than 2.5% nitric acid at all tested times.
    • Optimal phosphoric acid etching occurred at 30-60 seconds, with 30 seconds being sufficient.

    Conclusions:

    • 37% phosphoric acid is more effective for orthodontic enamel etching than 2.5% nitric acid.
    • An application time of 30 seconds for 37% phosphoric acid is recommended for optimal results.
    • Findings support current clinical practices while providing specific time recommendations.