Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 30, 2026
14:28
Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
Published on: June 30, 2013
HIV-associated nephropathy: an urban epidemic
M Monahan1, N Tanji, P E Klotman
1Division of Nephrology, the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Seminars in Nephrology
|July 17, 2001
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a major kidney disease in HIV-1 patients, especially African Americans. Improved treatments are increasing HIVAN prevalence in end-stage renal disease populations.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is the predominant chronic kidney disease in HIV-1-seropositive individuals.
- HIVAN disproportionately affects African Americans, representing the third leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in this demographic (ages 20-64).
- The incidence of HIVAN correlates with AIDS epidemic trends, suggesting a growing patient pool at risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the current epidemiology and projected trends of HIVAN.
- To understand the impact of improved patient survival and treatment modalities on HIVAN prevalence within ESRD and pre-ESRD populations.
Main Methods:
- Epidemiological analysis of HIVAN incidence and its correlation with HIV/AIDS demographics.
- Review of treatment outcomes for HIVAN, including highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors.
- Assessment of survival rates for HIV-1-seropositive patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Main Results:
- HIVAN incidence rates have mirrored changes in AIDS incidence.
- Urban nephrology centers are expected to manage increasing numbers of HIVAN cases.
- Enhanced survival rates and effective treatments (HAART, ACE-inhibitors) are leading to a higher prevalence of HIVAN among ESRD and pre-ESRD patients.
Conclusions:
- HIVAN remains a significant public health concern, particularly within specific demographic groups.
- Advances in HIV/AIDS care are altering the clinical landscape of HIVAN, necessitating proactive management strategies.
- Nephrology centers must prepare for a growing prevalence of HIVAN in patients with chronic kidney disease.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
01:24Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
01:29Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
01:25Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
01:24Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
01:28Diabetic Nephropathy
Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...