Synthesis and characterization of a ruthenium(II)-based redox conjugate for reagentless biosensing

Synthesis of a novel sulfhydryl-specific, tetraammine Ru(II)polypyridyl complex, [Ru(II)(NH(3))(4)(1,10-phenanthroline-5-maleimide)](PF(6))(2), which exhibits environment-sensitive electrochemical properties is described. When conjugated to an allosteric site in a genetically engineered mutant of maltose binding protein, the formal potential of the conjugated redox probe is shifted to higher potential upon maltose binding. The magnitude of this potential shift was used to measure maltose affinity of the protein-redox conjugate complex and to monitor maltose concentration in solution. These results are presented in context of reagentless biosensing.