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Related Experiment Videos

Thyroid hormone excess and glucose intolerance.

G D Dimitriadis1, S A Raptis

  • 12nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Athens University, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece. dimitriadis@hndc.gr

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes : Official Journal, German Society of Endocrinology [And] German Diabetes Association
|July 20, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Hyperthyroidism elevates plasma glucose by increasing glucose production and altering skeletal muscle metabolism. Increased Cori cycle activity in muscle helps manage glucose utilization, preventing hypoglycemia.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Research
  • Molecular Physiology

Background:

  • Hyperthyroidism is associated with elevated plasma glucose levels.
  • Peripheral glucose disposal, particularly in skeletal muscle, is crucial for insulin action.
  • Understanding glucose metabolism in hyperthyroidism is key to managing associated metabolic disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying altered glucose metabolism in hyperthyroidism.
  • To elucidate the role of skeletal muscle in glucose disposal and gluconeogenesis.
  • To explore the significance of the Cori cycle in maintaining glucose homeostasis during hyperthyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of endogenous glucose production rates.
  • Assessment of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in peripheral tissues, focusing on skeletal muscle.

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  • Examination of glucose transport, phosphorylation, glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, and oxidation in skeletal muscle.
  • Evaluation of Cori cycle activity and its substrates (lactate, amino acids, glycerol).

    • Main Results:

    • Hyperthyroidism increases endogenous glucose production, primarily via gluconeogenesis.
    • Skeletal muscle shows altered insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, favoring glycolysis and lactate formation over glucose oxidation.
    • Decreased glycogen synthesis and increased glycogenolysis support increased Cori cycle activity.
    • In severe hyperthyroidism, increased glucose uptake by muscle may occur to prevent glycogen depletion.
    • Elevated plasma amino acids and glycerol also contribute to gluconeogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased Cori cycle activity in skeletal muscle is a key mechanism in hyperthyroidism to provide substrates for gluconeogenesis.
    • This metabolic adaptation helps maintain normal or slightly increased plasma glucose levels, preventing hypoglycemia.
    • Altered glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle plays a vital role in glucose homeostasis during hyperthyroidism.