Nutrition in diabetes mellitus

Diet is very important in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. An energy deficit of about 500 Kcal per day is recommended for most overweight diabetic patients in order to progressively achieve a weight loss.--According to the most recent recommendations of the Nutrition Study Group of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, 60 to 70% of the total daily energy should be covered from a combination of carbohydrates and monounsaturated fatty acids with a cis-configuration. The percentage of energy contributed by each may vary according to individual preferences and clinical characteristics. It is, also, important to reduce the intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids (< 10% total energy). Protein intake should not exceed 20% total energy intake. Rich in fibre and/or antioxidant carbohydrate containing foods (fruits, vegetables, legumes) or those with a low glycaemic index are strongly recommended. Moderate amounts of foods rich in omega 3-fatty acids (mainly oily fish) should be regularly consumed.