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Effect of 3He on submonolayer superfluidity.

G A Csáthy¹, M H Chan

¹Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|July 20, 2001

Summary

We investigated superfluidity in helium-3/helium-4 (3He-4He) films on gold. Adding 3He to 4He films alters superfluid properties, revealing a phase boundary dependent on coverage.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Low-Temperature Physics
Surface Science

Background:

Superfluidity in helium mixtures is crucial for understanding quantum phenomena.
Thin films on substrates exhibit unique properties compared to bulk liquids.
Porous materials offer complex geometries for studying adsorption and phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the superfluid response of 3He-4He mixture films adsorbed on porous gold.
To explore submonolayer superfluidity across a wide range of 3He and 4He coverages.
To characterize the influence of 3He on 4He superfluidity and identify phase boundaries.

Main Methods:

Experimental study of 3He-4He mixture films adsorbed onto a porous gold substrate.
Measurements conducted over a broad spectrum of 3He and 4He coverages.
Focus on determining superfluid properties, including mass and onset temperature, as a function of coverage.

Main Results:

Observed that 3He floats on top of 4He at zero temperature, forming an inert layer.
Demonstrated that zero-temperature superfluid mass and onset temperature either saturate or vanish with increasing 3He addition, depending on 4He content.
Identified a T = 0 superfluid-insulator phase boundary in the 3He-4He coverage plane, describable by a simple function.

Conclusions:

The interaction between 3He and 4He in thin films significantly modifies superfluid behavior.
The observed phase boundary provides a key characteristic of the superfluid-insulator transition in these systems.
Findings contribute to the understanding of quantum fluid mixtures in confined geometries.

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