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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 16, 2013

No supermassive black hole in M33?

D Merritt¹, L Ferrarese, C L Joseph

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA. merritt@physics.rutgers.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 21, 2001

Summary

Astronomers used the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph to observe M33

Area of Science:

* Astrophysics and cosmology
* Galactic nuclei and supermassive black holes

Background:

* M33 is the third-brightest galaxy in the Local Group.
* Supermassive black holes are expected to have a steep rise in stellar velocities within their gravitational influence radius.
* Previous observations lacked the resolution to study M33's nucleus in detail.

Purpose of the Study:

* To achieve unprecedented resolution of M33's galactic nucleus.
* To investigate the stellar velocity profile near the galactic center.
* To constrain the mass of a potential central black hole in M33.

Main Methods:

* Utilized the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) for high-resolution observation.
* Analyzed stellar velocities within one parsec of M33's center.

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* Compared observed velocities to models of supermassive black hole influence.

Main Results:

* Observed a decrease in random stellar velocities within one parsec of M33's center.
* Implied an upper limit of only 3000 solar masses for the central black hole.
* This mass is significantly lower (three orders of magnitude) than other known supermassive black holes.

Conclusions:

* The findings challenge the typical supermassive black hole model in galactic nuclei.
* The low inferred black hole mass in M33 suggests unique formation or evolutionary pathways.
* Further research is needed to understand the relationship between such low-mass black holes and their host galaxies.