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Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Bone Structure

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.

Compact Bone

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...

Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The Hyoid Bone

The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...

Spongy Bone

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Published on: August 18, 2023

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the temporal bone.

B Chidambaram¹, V Santosh, V Balasubramaniam

¹chidu@vsnl.com

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery

|July 24, 2001

Summary

Aneurysmal bone cysts are rare benign bone lesions. This case highlights an unusual temporal bone aneurysmal bone cyst in a child causing orbital erosion and proptosis.

Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Pediatric Oncology
Neurosurgery

Background:

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are rare, benign, non-neoplastic bone lesions.
Typically found in long bones, ABCs are uncommon in the calvarium.

Observation:

This report details a rare case of an aneurysmal bone cyst.
The lesion occurred in the temporal bone of a young male patient.

Findings:

The temporal bone ABC eroded the posterior orbit.
This erosion resulted in the clinical manifestation of proptosis (bulging eye).

Implications:

This case expands the known anatomical locations for ABCs.
Highlights the importance of considering rare bone lesions in pediatric proptosis differential diagnoses.

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