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CD1d-restricted NKT cells: an interstrain comparison.

K J Hammond1, D G Pellicci, L D Poulton

  • 1Department Pathology and Immunology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Prahran, Melbourne, VIC 3181, Australia.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|July 24, 2001
PubMed
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Invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells are present in multiple mouse strains, but surrogate markers are unreliable. Nonobese diabetic mice show deficiencies in these crucial immune cells.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells expressing Valpha14-Jalpha281 T cell receptors (TCRs) are well-characterized in C57BL/6 mice.
  • Their characterization in strains lacking NK1.1 expression, and the reliability of commonly used surrogate markers, remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare NKT cells and their subsets across C57BL/6, NK1.1-congenic BALB/c, and NK1.1-congenic nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse strains.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of NK1.1 expression and established surrogate phenotypes for identifying NKT cells.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry analysis using NK1.1 expression, surrogate markers (e.g., TCR, CD4, CD8, DX5), and CD1d/alpha-galactosylceramide tetramer staining.
  • Assessment of cytokine production.
  • Comparison across C57BL/6, BALB/c, and NOD mouse strains.

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Main Results:

  • NKT cells and their CD4/CD8 subsets are present in all three strains studied.
  • NOD mice exhibit a numerical and functional deficiency in NKT cells.
  • Surrogate phenotypes, including DX5(+)CD3(+), are unreliable for NKT cell identification and can exclude these cells.
  • NK1.1 expression is not a universally ideal marker for NKT cells, as many are NK1.1-negative, particularly CD4+ NKT cells in BALB/c mice.

Conclusions:

  • NKT cells and their subsets exist across different mouse strains, including NOD mice which have a deficit.
  • NK1.1 expression and common surrogate markers are not consistently accurate for identifying NKT cells, necessitating careful marker selection in research.
  • The findings underscore the importance of precise identification methods for NKT cells and highlight a specific immune deficiency in NOD mice.