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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Psychological Disorders01:19

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
Deviant Behavior
Deviance in behavior refers to actions or thought patterns that significantly diverge from societal norms or...
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings01:29

Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

Other adult family members and siblings play a crucial role in shaping children’s social and emotional development. While parents or primary caregivers are often the central figures in early attachment and socialization, other adults in a child’s life, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles, can significantly influence developmental outcomes. These influences depend on each adult’s personality and may help compensate when a primary caregiver is emotionally distant or inconsistent. For...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
09:03

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Published on: March 27, 2012

Interaction patterns in families of autistic, disturbed, and normal children.

J E Byassee, S A Murrell

    The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
    |April 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Family dynamics in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were studied. Families with disturbed children showed less parental agreement compared to families with autistic or typically developing children.

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    Published on: December 7, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Child Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Family Studies

    Background:

    • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) impacts family functioning.
    • Understanding family interaction patterns is crucial for intervention.
    • Previous research has yielded mixed results on family dynamics in ASD.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate family interaction patterns in families with autistic children.
    • To compare these patterns with those in families with disturbed children and normal children.
    • To identify potential differences in parental agreement.

    Main Methods:

    • A family interaction task was administered.
    • Six families with autistic children participated.
    • Six families with disturbed children and six with normal children served as controls.

    Main Results:

    • No significant differences in interaction tasks were found between families with autistic children and normal families.
    • Families with disturbed children exhibited significantly lower agreement between parents compared to autistic or normal families.

    Conclusions:

    • Parental agreement may be a distinguishing factor in families with disturbed children, not typically seen in families with autism spectrum disorder.
    • Family interaction tasks can reveal subtle differences in family dynamics.
    • Further research is needed to explore the specific mechanisms underlying these differences.