Necdin acts as a transcriptional repressor that interacts with multiple guanosine clusters

Necdin is a growth suppressor expressed predominantly in postmitotic neurons, and ectopic expression of this protein suppresses cell growth. Here we report that Necdin directly binds to specific DNA sequences and serves as a transcriptional repressor. Polyhistidine-tagged Necdin was used for selection of random-sequence oligonucleotides by polymerase chain reaction-based amplification. Necdin recognized guanosine (G)-rich sequences that encompass multiple G clusters and intervening mono- or di-nucleotides of A, T and C. These sequences, termed GN boxes, resemble multiply aligned forms of the canonical GC box which is recognized by Sp family members. Necdin directly bound to a GN box consisting of contiguous two GC boxes with four G clusters, but not to a single GC box with two G clusters, whereas Sp1 bound to both. In a reporter system using Drosophila Schneider Line 2 cells, Necdin repressed Sp1-dependent activity of mouse c-myc P1 promoter that contains a typical GN box. Deletion of the GN box from the c-myc P1 promoter or its conversion to the single GC box abolished the Necdin-dependent repression. These results suggest that Necdin modulates gene transcription via the GN box that is potentially recognized by GC box-targeting Sp family members.