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A model for evaluating friction during orthodontic tooth movement.

B P Loftus1, J Artum

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.

European Journal of Orthodontics
|July 27, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Orthodontic tooth movement generates friction. Simulating the periodontal ligament (PDL) in models shows that its width significantly impacts measured friction during sliding mechanics, affecting clinical accuracy.

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Evaluation of friction during sliding tooth movement in various bracket-arch wire combinations.

American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·1999
See all related articles

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontic Mechanics
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Biomechanics

Background:

  • Orthodontic forces applied for space closure induce tipping and rotation due to off-center application relative to the center of resistance.
  • Existing in vitro models may not accurately represent clinical frictional forces because they often neglect tooth movements like tipping and rotation.
  • Friction is a critical factor in sliding mechanics, influencing the efficiency and predictability of orthodontic space closure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of simulated periodontal ligament (PDL) width on frictional forces during orthodontic sliding mechanics.
  • To determine if in vitro models accurately reflect clinical frictional forces by incorporating simulated PDL properties.
  • To evaluate the effect of varying PDL widths on the friction between ceramic brackets and stainless steel archwires.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a dentoalveolar model with adjustable simulated periodontal ligament (PDL) widths (0.00, 0.33, 0.67, 1.00 mm).
  • Utilized a specialized device for precise bracket slot adjustment in three planes.
  • Tested frictional forces using ceramic brackets (0.022 x 0.028-inch slots) and stainless steel wires (0.019 x 0.025-inch) mounted on an Instron machine.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant effect of PDL width on mean frictional force (P < 0.001).
  • Lower frictional forces were observed in models with smaller simulated PDL widths (0.00 and 0.33 mm) compared to larger widths (0.67 and 1.00 mm).
  • No significant difference in friction was found between models with 0.00 and 0.33 mm PDL, nor between models with 0.67 and 1.00 mm PDL.

Conclusions:

  • The width of the simulated periodontal ligament (PDL) significantly influences frictional forces in orthodontic sliding mechanics.
  • In vitro models incorporating realistic PDL width are crucial for accurately assessing clinical friction during space closure.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering PDL properties for more representative laboratory simulations of orthodontic tooth movement.

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