Female reproductive endocrinology at the turn of the millennium

The mainstays of female reproductive endocrinology, even as the millennium occurs and we cite highly technological advances in assisted reproduction, continue to be-as for the past decade-and-a-half-the use of GnRH analogs, both agonists and antagonists; the use of other gonadotropins, both alone and in combination, as well as with other types of drugs; testing for "ovarian reserve," as we attempt infertility treatment for populations that now include more nulliparous women of older reproductive age; and diagnosing and treating polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), for both its reproductive and general health effects, especially as concerns insulin resistance. These topics are covered in detail, with reviews of well-controlled, and sometimes contrasting, studies.