An in situ study of CD34(+) cells in human fetal bone marrow

The purpose of this study was to characterize the spatial distribution, number and size of CD34(+) cells in fetal bone marrow. Thin sections of normal fetal bone marrow from lumbar vertebrae were stained using CD34 antibody QBend/10. Sections were used under light microscopy with various eyepiece graticules to make measurements of CD34(+) cells in situ. Results showed that at mid- and late gestation, approximately 2% and 0.5% of fetal bone marrow cells were CD34(+) respectively. The mean distance of CD34(+) cells from the nearest trabecular bone surface was 61 +/- 4 and 46 +/- 4 microm, respectively, for mid- and late gestation. The mean distance to the nearest neighbour was 46 +/- 5 and 105 +/- 15 microm, and the mean distance to the nearest blood vessel was 13 +/- 1 and 17 +/- 2 microm respectively. The concentration of CD34(+) cells in the peripheral region was 6.5 times greater than that at the centre of the sections. Overall, the percentage number of CD34(+) cells decreased with gestational age. The cellular and nuclear diameters of CD34(+) cells remained unchanged throughout mid- and late gestation at 5.4 +/- 0.1 and 3.8 +/- 0.1 microm respectively. This information will be used to calculate the natural background alpha-radiation dose to haemopoietic stem cells.