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Ondansetron: a selective 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist and its applications in CNS-related disorders
J H Ye1, R Ponnudurai, R Schaefer
1Department of Anesthesiology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. ye@umdnj.edu
Abstract:
Ondansetron is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine(3) (5-HT(3)) receptor antagonist that has been introduced to clinical practice as an antiemetic for cancer treatment-induced and anesthesia-related nausea and vomiting. Its use under these circumstances is both prophylactic and therapeutic. It has a superior efficacy, safety and pharmacoeconomic profile compared with other groups of antiemetics, namely antidopaminergics, antihistamines and anticholinergics. However, its place in the management of anticipatory and delayed vomiting in cancer treatment and as a rescue antiemetic in surgical patients needs to be further explored. Furthermore, recent animal and human research also reflects its possible novel application in the treatment of other disease states, such as alcoholism, cocaine addiction, opioid withdrawal syndrome, anxiety disorders, gastrointestinal motility disorders, Tourette's syndrome and pruritus. This review revisits the widespread physiological and pathological effects of 5-HT and discusses both the basic science literature and the clinical developments responsible for the conventional and novel uses of ondansetron. In addition, new discoveries relating to the effects of ondansetron on other receptors/channels and their possible therapeutic applications are presented.
Insights
Ondansetron, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine(3) (5-HT(3)) receptor antagonist, effectively treats nausea and vomiting from cancer and anesthesia. Research explores its potential for other conditions like addiction and anxiety.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- Neuroscience
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Ondansetron is a selective 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist.
- It is clinically used for chemotherapy and anesthesia-induced nausea and vomiting.
- It demonstrates superior efficacy, safety, and pharmacoeconomic profiles compared to other antiemetics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the physiological and pathological effects of 5-HT.
- To discuss the scientific literature and clinical developments of ondansetron's conventional uses.
- To explore novel applications and emerging research on ondansetron's therapeutic potential.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of basic science and clinical studies.
- Analysis of physiological and pathological effects of 5-HT.
- Examination of ondansetron's efficacy and safety data.
Main Results:
- Ondansetron is a highly effective antiemetic for specific conditions.
- Its potential utility extends beyond nausea and vomiting to other disorders.
- Emerging research indicates ondansetron may interact with additional receptors/channels.
Conclusions:
- Ondansetron is a valuable antiemetic with a favorable profile.
- Further research is warranted for its use in anticipatory/delayed vomiting and as a rescue antiemetic.
- Ondansetron shows promise for novel therapeutic applications in various disease states.