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Related Experiment Videos

Fear, anger, and risk.

J S Lerner1, D Keltner

  • 1Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3890, USA. jlerner@andrew.cmu.edu

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|July 28, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Fear and anger significantly impact risk perception differently. Fear leads to pessimistic estimates and risk aversion, while anger promotes optimistic estimates and risk seeking.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Emotions influence decision-making, but specific emotions may have distinct effects.
  • The appraisal-tendency framework suggests emotions arise from specific appraisals and lead to distinct behavioral tendencies.
  • Previous research often focused on the valence (positive/negative) of emotions rather than specific emotional states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential effects of fear and anger on risk perception and choice.
  • To test the predictions of the appraisal-tendency framework regarding fear and anger.
  • To explore the role of appraisals of certainty and control in mediating these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Participants experienced naturally occurring or experimentally induced fear and anger.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Risk perception was measured through risk estimates.
  • Risk-taking propensity was assessed via choices in hypothetical scenarios.
  • Appraisals of certainty and control were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Fearful individuals exhibited pessimistic risk estimates and risk-averse choices.
    • Angry individuals displayed optimistic risk estimates and risk-seeking choices.
    • These effects were moderated and mediated by appraisals of certainty and control.

    Conclusions:

    • Fear and anger have opposing effects on risk perception, supporting the appraisal-tendency framework.
    • Specific emotions, not just valence, are crucial for understanding judgment and decision-making.
    • Appraisals of certainty and control play a key role in how emotions influence risk perception.