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[Can type 2 diabetes be prevented?].

T J Berg1

  • 1Aker Diabetes Forskningssenter Aker sykehus 0514 Oslo. t.j.berg@ioks.uio.no

Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
|July 28, 2001
PubMed
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Preventing type 2 diabetes is possible through lifestyle changes. Increased physical activity and a healthy diet significantly reduce the risk of developing this condition.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases
  • Public Health and Epidemiology

Context:

  • Rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Norway, particularly among men.
  • Identification of obesity and reduced physical activity as key environmental risk factors.
  • Genetic predisposition and biochemical factors like impaired glucose tolerance also contribute.

Purpose:

  • To review the evidence for primary prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes.
  • To assess the efficacy of lifestyle interventions and pharmacological agents.

Summary:

  • Intervention studies in China and Sweden demonstrated that diet and increased physical activity reduced type 2 diabetes risk by 30-50% in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.
  • Currently, no specific drug is definitively proven for type 2 diabetes prevention, though metformin, thiazolidinediones, and pancreatic lipase inhibitors are under investigation.

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  • Three large prospective studies are underway to evaluate lifestyle interventions and medications for disease prevention, with results expected in approximately five years.

    • Impact:

    • Establishes that lifestyle modifications, specifically increased physical activity and dietary changes, are effective primary prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes.
    • Highlights the need for further research into pharmacological interventions and the outcomes of ongoing large-scale prevention trials.