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Related Experiment Videos

Intracranial temperature elevation from diagnostic ultrasound.

S B Barnett1

  • 1CSIRO Telecommunications and Industrial Physics, Sydney, Australia. stan.barnett@tip.csiro.au

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
|July 31, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Pulsed spectral Doppler ultrasound can significantly heat fetal brain tissue, especially near bone. The thermal index (TI) may underestimate this heating, necessitating careful risk assessment for fetal neural tissue exposure.

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Ultrasound in medicine & biology·2000

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Central nervous system tissues are vulnerable to physical agents like heat and ultrasound.
  • Pulsed spectral Doppler ultrasound can cause significant tissue heating due to high intensities and stationary beams.
  • This poses risks to sensitive neural tissues, particularly during fetal cerebral vessel examinations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the risk/benefit ratio of ultrasound use in fetal neurosonography.
  • To inform ultrasound users about potential thermally mediated bioeffects.
  • To provide conclusions from scientific literature on ultrasound-induced heating in the fetal brain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published scientific studies on ultrasound bioeffects.

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  • Analysis of factors influencing ultrasound-induced intracranial heating.
  • Evaluation of the thermal index (TI) as an indicator of heating.

    • Main Results:

    • Ultrasound-induced intracranial heating increases with gestational age and fetal bone development.
    • Pulsed spectral Doppler ultrasound can cause biologically significant fetal brain heating, particularly rapid near bone.
    • Blood flow has a minimal cooling effect on brain tissue heating with clinical beams.
    • The threshold for irreversible damage is a 4°C increase for 5 min; a 1.5°C increase in 120s shows no electrophysiologic response.
    • The thermal index (TI) may underestimate intracranial temperature increases under certain conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Ultrasound users must carefully assess risks, considering gestational age, bone proximity, and TI limitations.
    • Biologically significant heating can occur in the fetal brain, necessitating cautious application of spectral Doppler.
    • Further research may be needed to refine safety standards and thermal index calculations for fetal neurosonography.