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Published on: September 4, 2016
Social encapsulation of beetle parasites by Cape honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera capensis Esch.)
P Neumann1, C W Pirk, H R Hepburn
1Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Zoologie/Molekulare Okologie, Halle/Saale, Germany. p.neumann@zoologie.uni-halle.de
Abstract:
Worker honeybees (Apis mellifera capensis) encapsulate the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida), a nest parasite, in propolis (tree resin collected by the bees). The encapsulation process lasts 1-4 days and the bees have a sophisticated guarding strategy for limiting the escape of beetles during encapsulation. Some encapsulated beetles died (4.9%) and a few escaped (1.6%). Encapsulation has probably evolved because the small hive beetle cannot easily be killed by the bees due to its hard exoskeleton and defensive behaviour.
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