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Case Studies

Case Studies

There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.

Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

The Availability Heuristic

The Availability Heuristic

A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):

What are Estimates?

What are Estimates?

It isn't easy to measure a parameter such as the mean height or the mean weight of a population. So, we draw samples from the population and calculate the mean height or mean weight of the individuals in the sample. This sample data acts as a representative measure of the population parameter. These sample statistics are known as estimates.
The estimate for the mean of a sample is denoted by ͞x, whereas the mean of the population is designated as μ. Further, parameters such as the mean,...

Observational Studies

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...

Applications of Life Tables

Applications of Life Tables

Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...

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Case studies on the use and accuracy of synthetic estimates: unemployment and housing applications.

NIDA Research Monograph

|February 1, 1979

Summary

This study presents unemployment synthetic estimates for counties using 1970 Census data, analyzing their accuracy and error distribution. Findings inform intercensal estimates and housing vacancy analysis.

Area of Science:

Demographic analysis
Statistical modeling
Socioeconomic research

Background:

Accurate county-level unemployment data is crucial for socioeconomic analysis.
The 1970 Census of Population provides a foundational dataset for demographic estimation.
Intercensal periods require reliable methods for updating key statistics.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate synthetic estimates of unemployment for counties based on 1970 Census data.
To analyze the error distribution and relative accuracy of these synthetic unemployment estimates.
To explore implications for intercensal estimation and analyze housing vacancy and dilapidation rates.

Main Methods:

Synthetic estimation techniques applied to 1970 Census of Population data.

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Statistical analysis of estimation method error and relative accuracy.

Regression modeling for intercensal estimates.

Analysis of 1970 Census of Housing data on vacancy rates and housing conditions.

Main Results:

The study provides a detailed description of the method error distribution for synthetic unemployment estimates.
Relative accuracy of these county-level unemployment estimates is assessed.
Vacancy rates and estimates of dilapidated housing units from the 1970 Census are analyzed.

Conclusions:

Synthetic estimates offer a viable approach for generating county-level unemployment data from historical census information.
Understanding estimation error is key to interpreting the reliability of these synthetic figures.
The methodology and findings contribute to improved demographic and housing analyses for intercensal periods.