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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals01:27

Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals

Lattice energy represents the energy released when gaseous cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid, reflecting the strength of electrostatic interactions within the crystal. This process is fundamentally governed by Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions, where the potential energy varies inversely with the interionic distance and directly with the product of ionic charges. As ions approach one another, the electrostatic energy becomes increasingly negative, indicating a...

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Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

Ionic conductivity in crystalline polymer electrolytes.

Z Gadjourova1, Y G Andreev, D P Tunstall

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK.

Nature
|August 3, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic conductivity in crystalline polymer electrolytes can exceed that of amorphous phases. This finding challenges the long-held belief that only amorphous regions facilitate ion transport in polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries.

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
06:34

Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Published on: September 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Polymer electrolytes are crucial for all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries.
  • Traditionally, ion transport was believed to occur only in the amorphous phase of polymer electrolytes above the glass transition temperature (Tg).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ionic conductivity in crystalline polymer electrolytes.
  • To challenge the prevailing view that ion transport is confined to the amorphous phase.
  • To explore the potential of crystalline phases for enhanced battery performance.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of polymer electrolytes with crystalline and amorphous phases.
  • Measurement of ionic conductivity in both phases.
  • Analysis of ion transport mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Ionic conductivity in the crystalline phase was found to be greater than in the amorphous phase above Tg.
  • Ion transport in crystalline polymer electrolytes can be dominated by cations (e.g., lithium ions).
  • This contrasts with amorphous phases where both ions are generally mobile.

Conclusions:

  • Order within crystalline polymer electrolytes can promote ion transport, contrary to previous assumptions.
  • Cation-dominated transport in crystalline phases is advantageous for lithium battery applications.
  • This discovery opens new avenues for designing advanced polymer electrolytes.