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The one-of-us effect in decision evaluation
R Lipshitz1, Z Gilad, R Suleiman
1Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Israel. raanan@psy.haifa.ac.il
Acta Psychologica
|August 4, 2001
Summary
The one-of-us effect, or in-group bias, significantly impacts how people judge decisions. Decision evaluations are swayed by evaluator-decision maker identification, influencing outcomes and sanctions.
Area of Science:
- Social Psychology
- Decision Making Research
- Group Dynamics
Background:
- Judgment-by-outcomes retrospectively evaluates decisions based on success or failure.
- Previous research overlooked the social context of decision evaluation.
- The 'one-of-us' effect, or in-group bias, is a key social factor.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the moderating role of in-group bias on judgment-by-outcomes.
- To examine how identification with a decision-maker influences evaluation.
- To understand the impact of outcome valence in social contexts.
Main Methods:
- Experimental design presenting Arab and Jewish subjects with historical cases.
- Manipulation of decision-maker group (Arab/Jewish) and outcome (success/failure).
- Measurement of evaluation across sanctions, justification, decision-maker, and process quality.
Main Results:
- In-group identification altered the influence of outcome information on decision evaluation.
- The 'one-of-us' effect determined how outcomes were perceived (success/failure).
- Sanction assignment was most strongly influenced, followed by justification, decision-maker, and process quality.
Conclusions:
- Social identification significantly moderates judgment-by-outcomes.
- In-group favoritism impacts retrospective decision evaluation and accountability.
- Understanding in-group bias is crucial for analyzing social judgment and decision-making.