Cerebellar neurocognition: a new avenue

The functional role of the cerebellum is traditionally defined as a mere coordinator of automatic and somatic motor functions. This view determined most of the clinical and experimental investigations of the functions of the cerebellum and overshadowed many attempts to expand its role to non-motor functions. However, during the past decades the collaboration across contemporary neuroscience disciplines has brought about a substantial modification of traditional thinking about the cerebellum. Converging evidence from different neuroscientific angles established the view that the human cerebellum participates in a much wider range of functions than conventionally accepted. Studies have brought to the fore that the cerebellum also modulates neurocognitive functions of at least these parts of the brain to which it is reciprocally connected. In less than two decades, the concept of 'cerebellar neurocognition' evolved from a mere afterthought to an exciting new multifaced area of contemporary neuroscientific investigations. Within this area, one of the major avenues of current research is the role of the cerebellum in non-motor language processing. This paper reviews the recently acknowledged role of the cerebellum in neurocognition and linguistic processes.