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Variations in leucocyte count during menstrual cycle.

B J Bain, J M England

    British Medical Journal
    |May 31, 1975
    PubMed
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    Neutrophil counts in women vary cyclically during the menstrual cycle, with a consistent drop during menstruation. Oral contraceptives may affect these neutrophil level fluctuations.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Endocrinology
    • Hematology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • White blood cell counts, particularly neutrophils, can fluctuate during the menstrual cycle.
    • Hormonal changes, such as estrogen levels, are known to influence immune cell populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate cyclical variations in neutrophil counts during the menstrual cycle.
    • To determine the influence of oral contraceptives on these variations.
    • To explore the relationship between neutrophil counts and other immune cells (monocytes, eosinophils, basophils) and estrogen levels.

    Main Methods:

    • Monitoring neutrophil counts in seven women (three on oral contraceptives, four not).
    • Detailed observation of one woman over eight menstrual cycles, tracking neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts.

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  • Correlation analysis with estrogen levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Neutrophil counts exhibited cyclical variations, with a consistent decrease during menstruation.
    • Women not taking oral contraceptives showed two neutrophil peaks per cycle.
    • Monocyte counts paralleled neutrophil variations; eosinophils showed a reciprocal pattern; basophils decreased mid-cycle.
    • Neutrophil count changes lagged estrogen level changes by 1-2 days.

    Conclusions:

    • Estrogen influences neutrophil release, likely from bone marrow rather than the marginated pool.
    • Menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive use significantly impact neutrophil dynamics.