Atherosclerosis and thrombosis: lessons from animal models

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Pathophysiology
• Translational Medicine

Background:

• Atherothrombosis, thrombosis on atherosclerotic lesions, is a leading cause of mortality and disability.
• Atherosclerosis is often asymptomatic until thrombotic complications arise, necessitating early-stage disease models.
• Understanding thrombus formation secondary to plaque disruption is crucial for managing acute ischemic syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of experimental models in understanding atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
• To highlight the importance of valid animal models that mimic human disease progression.
• To explore how these models enhance insights into pathophysiological processes and therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

• Review of experimental investigations, clinical observations, and pathological findings.
• Analysis of data from various experimental animal models of vascular disease.
• Examination of the role of specific factors like platelets, lipids, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).

Main Results:

• Experimental models have improved understanding of vascular obstruction in atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
• Animal models have elucidated the roles of platelets, lipids, RAS, cytokines, and growth factors.
• These models have suggested potential pharmacological and surgical therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

• Valid experimental models are essential for studying atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
• Advances in understanding vascular biology and pathology facilitate new therapeutic strategies.
• Continued research using animal models is key to combating atherothrombosis and its complications.