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Does aging affect the allocation of visual attention in global and local information processing?

F Roux1, M Ceccaldi

  • 1Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13 385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.

Brain and Cognition
|August 7, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Normal aging enhances the global precedence effect, particularly global interference on local identification. Attention shifts impact global precedence in both young and old adults, but global interference remains consistent across age groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Aging Research

Background:

  • The global precedence effect describes how visual perception favors global features over local ones in hierarchical stimuli.
  • This effect is characterized by faster identification of global targets and interference from global distractors on local targets.
  • Understanding the role of attentional mechanisms and age-related changes in this effect is crucial for cognitive aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of attentional mechanisms in the global precedence effect.
  • To determine if normal aging alters specific aspects of the global precedence effect.
  • To compare attentional effects on global precedence in young versus older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a selective-attention task and a divided-attention task to assess visual perception of hierarchical stimuli.

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  • Measured response times (RT) and interference effects for identifying global and local targets.
  • Compared performance between young and older adult participants.

    • Main Results:

    • A complete global precedence effect was observed in both young and old subjects under selective attention.
    • Older adults exhibited more pronounced global interference on local identification compared to younger adults.
    • In divided attention, attention shifts affected the RT advantage for both age groups, but global interference remained unchanged.

    Conclusions:

    • Attentional mechanisms are involved in the global precedence effect, with age-related differences in interference.
    • Normal aging exacerbates global interference on local identification, suggesting altered attentional processing.
    • While attention shifts impact global precedence, the global interference component appears robust to aging in divided attention scenarios.