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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Sample Preparation and Imaging of Exosomes by Transmission Electron Microscopy
11:15

Sample Preparation and Imaging of Exosomes by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: January 4, 2018

Intestinal epithelial cells secrete exosome-like vesicles.

G van Niel1, G Raposo, C Candalh

  • 1INSERM E9925, Faculté Necker-Enfants Malades, 156 rue de Vaugirard, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France. niel@necker.fr

Gastroenterology
|August 7, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Intestinal epithelial cells release exosomes containing antigen-presenting molecules. These vesicles can travel beyond the basement membrane, influencing immune responses without direct cell contact.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) present antigens to CD4(+) T lymphocytes.
  • Professional antigen-presenting cells secrete exosomes (antigen-presenting vesicles).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if IECs secrete exosomes carrying antigen-presenting molecules.
  • To determine if these exosomes can influence immune cells beyond the basement membrane.

Main Methods:

  • Cultured human IEC lines (HT29-19A, T84-DRB1*0401/CIITA) on microporous filters.
  • Collected apical and basolateral media to isolate exosomes via ultracentrifugation.
  • Characterized exosomes using immunoelectron microscopy, Western blotting, and mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • IECs released 30-90 nm vesicles from both apical and basolateral sides.
  • Exosome release increased significantly with interferon gamma stimulation.
  • Exosomes contained MHC class I, MHC class II, CD63, CD26, and A33 antigen.

Conclusions:

  • Human IECs secrete exosomes with molecules involved in antigen presentation.
  • These epithelial-derived exosomes can convey immune information independently of direct cell-cell contact.