Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy (Retrograde Mastoidectomy) using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique
Published on: May 23, 2021
Chronic external otitis
1Division of Pediatric Otology, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. prolan@mednet.swmed.edu
Abstract:
Chronic external otitis is probably a disease of mixed etiology; infection and hypersensitivity both play an important role. As such, these two components must be recognized and respected. Steroids are the mainstay of medical management. Antibiotics should be used cautiously and probably on an intermittent basis. The disease appears to be exacerbated by any manipulation of the canal, including aggressive cleansing. Medical therapy will slow the development of fibrosis in some cases, but it does not always prevent it. Once stenosis has progressed to the point that conductive hearing loss develops, surgery will restore hearing and prevent restenosis in at least 80% of cases.
Related Concept Videos
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Pharyngitis
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

