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Related Experiment Videos

Water fluoridation, osteoporosis, fractures--recent developments.

L L Demos1, H Kazda, F M Cicuttini

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Medical School.

Australian Dental Journal
|August 9, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Water fluoridation at 1ppm is safe for bone health. Extensive research shows no adverse effects on bone strength, density, or fracture risk, supporting its use for preventing dental caries.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Dental Health
  • Bone Health

Background:

  • Optimal water fluoridation (1ppm) is a socially equitable method for preventing dental caries.
  • Concerns regarding the safety of water fluoridation are periodically raised.
  • This review focuses on research published since 1991 regarding fluoride's effects on bone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review scientific literature on the effects of water fluoridation on bone health.
  • To assess the safety of fluoride intake from water at optimal levels (1ppm).

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of research on fluoride and bone effects.
  • Analysis of animal feeding studies, ecological studies, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and clinical trials.

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Main Results:

  • Animal studies showed adverse effects only at doses significantly higher than those used in water fluoridation.
  • Ecological studies yielded conflicting results; cohort studies had mixed findings on fracture incidence.
  • Cross-sectional and clinical trial studies predominantly indicated a favorable effect of fluoride on bone mineral density.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence suggests fluoride up to 1ppm in drinking water does not adversely affect bone strength.
  • Fluoride at optimal levels does not negatively impact bone mineral density or fracture incidence.
  • The findings support the safety of water fluoridation for dental caries prevention concerning bone health.